Junior doctors were initially exempt from the 48-hour average working week outlined in the regulations, but their working hours needed to fall in line by 2009.
The public health-related standards focused on collaboration between primary care trusts, local authorities, foundation trusts, and other stakeholders.
The government outlined its priorities for the NHS between 2004–08, and confirmed there would be continued investment to increase capacity across the system.
The first 10 foundation trusts came into operation. The central objective for creating foundation trusts was the desire to devolve power away from the centre.
After 'Securing our future health', Sir Derek Wanless reviewed cost-effective approaches to improving public health, prevention and reducing health inequalities.
The independent regulator's role was to authorise NHS trusts to become foundation trusts and intervene in the event of significant non-compliance with the terms of authorisation.